What are vector quantities characterized by?

Vector quantities are characterized by both magnitude and direction. This means that a vector not only has a size or amount (magnitude), such as how fast something is moving or how much force is being applied, but it also has a specific direction in which that magnitude is acting, such as north, south, upward, or at an angle. This dual nature is essential in physics and engineering, as it helps in accurately describing various physical phenomena, such as velocity, acceleration, and force.

In contrast, scalar quantities are those that only have magnitude, such as temperature or mass, and do not consider direction. A clear distinction between vector and scalar quantities enhances understanding and helps in solving problems involving motion and forces, making the concept of vectors fundamental in fields like physics and engineering.