What does "load-bearing" mean in the context of structural engineering?

In structural engineering, the term "load-bearing" specifically refers to components that are designed to support weight. These elements are crucial in ensuring the stability and safety of a structure, as they are engineered to withstand the forces and loads that act upon them, including gravity, live loads (like occupants and furniture), and environmental influences (such as wind or earthquakes).

Load-bearing components include walls, beams, and columns that transfer loads from the structure above down to the foundation. The engineering behind these elements considers various factors, such as material strength, load distribution, and safety factors, to ensure the integrity of the overall structure. This understanding is essential for designers and engineers to create safe buildings and infrastructures.

Other choices describe features that either do not contribute to the structural support (like non-essential design features and decorative elements) or focus on characteristics of materials that may not be suitable for load-bearing applications (such as flexibility and lightweight properties without considering structural integrity).