What does thermal conductivity measure in materials science?

Thermal conductivity is a crucial property in materials science, as it specifically measures the ability of a material to conduct heat. This property is vital in applications where heat transfer is important, such as in building materials, electronics, and thermal insulation. A material with high thermal conductivity, like copper, efficiently transfers heat, making it suitable for applications like heat sinks or cookware. Conversely, materials with low thermal conductivity, such as insulators, resist heat transfer and are used to maintain temperature and energy efficiency. Understanding thermal conductivity allows engineers and scientists to select appropriate materials based on their heat management requirements.