What is the purpose of a pump or compressor in a fluid power system?

In a fluid power system, the primary role of a pump or compressor is to convert mechanical power into fluid power. This process involves taking mechanical energy—often derived from an electric motor, engine, or manual source—and using it to move fluids (liquids or gases) throughout the system. The pump or compressor generates pressure in the fluid, which can then be harnessed to perform work, such as moving components, creating motion, or applying force.

When a pump is used, it typically moves liquids, while a compressor is designed for gases. Both devices increase the energy of the fluid, facilitating the transfer of power to different parts of the hydraulic or pneumatic system. This conversion is fundamental to the operation of fluid power systems, allowing for tasks such as lifting, pressing, and controlling the motion of machinery.

Other options may describe functions or components that are important in different contexts but do not accurately reflect the main purpose of pumps and compressors in fluid power systems. Regulating fluid temperature, controlling fluid direction, and storing excess fluid involve other components or attributes of fluid systems but do not capture the essential conversion of mechanical energy into fluid energy that pumps and compressors perform.