What materials are commonly used for electrical wiring?

Copper and aluminum are the most commonly used materials for electrical wiring due to their excellent electrical conductivity and relatively low cost. Copper, in particular, is favored for its superior conductivity, allowing electrical current to pass through with minimal resistance, which is essential in minimizing energy loss in systems. Aluminum, being lighter and less expensive than copper, is often used in applications where weight is a concern or where cost-saving is critical, such as in overhead power lines.

In contrast, while gold and silver also possess excellent conductive properties, their high cost makes them impractical for most electrical wiring applications. Materials like plastic and rubber are not conductive; instead, they are used as insulation to protect wires from damage and to prevent accidental electrical contact. Steel and iron are not suitable for electrical wiring due to their poor conductivity and tendency to rust, which can further lead to failure in electrical systems. Therefore, copper and aluminum stand out as the primary choices for effective and efficient electrical wiring.